MXMS U.S. History

Industrial Revolution: the transformation from an agricultural to industrial nation.

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Industrialization: the development of industry on an extensive scale.

 

Textile: artifact made by weaving, felting, knitting, or crocheting natural or synthetic fibers.

 

Modernization: making modern by appearance or behavior.

 

Working class: a social class comprising those who do manual labor or work for wages.

 

Assembly line: mechanical system in a factory whereby an article is conveyed through sites at which successive operations are performed on it. 

 

Tenement: a rundown apartment house barely meeting minimal standards.

 

Steam engine: external-combustion engine in which heat is used to raise steam which either turns a turbine or forces a piston to move up and down in a cylinder. 

 

Urbanization: the social process whereby cities grow and societies become more urban.

 

Entrepreneur: someone who organizes a business venture and assumes the risk for it.

 

Push factor: factor, such as unemployment or the lack of freedom of speech, that makes people want to leave their country and move to another one.

 

Pull factor: factor such as freedom or employment opportunities that attract a person to a country.

 

Immigration: migration into a place (especially migration to a country of which you are not a native in order to settle there).

 

Urban: relating to or concerned with a city or densely populated area.

 

Rural: living in or characteristic of farming or country life.

 

Trench warfare: the main fighting strategy used during World War I.

 

Archduke Ferdinand: Archduke of Austria-Hungary; his assassination sparked World War I. 

 

Gavrilo Princip: Serbian assassin of Archduke Ferdinand.

 

Black Hand: the extremist Serbian nationalist groups behind Archduke Ferdinand's assassination.

 

Kaiser Wilhelm II: the German emperor throughout World War I.

 

Woodrow Wilson: President of the United States during World War I; developed a plan for a lasting world peace called the League of Nations. 

 

Allied Powers: the alliance formed between Russia, France and Great Britain; the United States joined in 1917.

 

Central Powers: the alliance formed between Germany and Austria-Hungary.

 

Triple Alliance: the prewar alliance formed in 1882 by Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy. 

 

Battle of the Somme: a battle fought in northern France between July and November of 1916.

 

Battle of Verdun: the longest and deadliest battle of World War I; in an 11-month period more than 650,000 soldiers were killed.

 

Casualties: the total number of soldiers who are killed, wounded or captured in a battle. 

 

Schlieffen Plan: a German military plan that addressed how to handle the threat of a war on two fronts with Russia and France. 

 

War of Attrition: a war in which victory is determined purely by one side is better to endure numerous, prolonged casualties. 

 

Zimmerman Telegram: the memorandum sent by Germany to Mexico encouraging an attack on the United States.